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It’s organized as a decentralized network of networks. “As a Senator in the 1980s Gore urged government agencies to consolidate what at the time were several dozen different and unconnected networks into an ‘Interagency Network.’” Gore sponsored the 1991 High Performance Computing and Communications Act, which Kahn and Cerf say “became one of the major vehicles for the spread of the internet beyond the field of computer science.“ Who runs the internet? “As far back as the 1970s Congressman Gore promoted the idea of high speedtelecommunications,” the pair wrote. They argue that Gore was “the first political leader to recognize the importance of the internet and to promote and support its development.” But the men who did invent the internet, TCP/IP designers Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf, wrote in Gore’s defense in 2000. Did Al Gore invent the internet?įormer Vice President Al Gore is frequently quoted as claiming credit for the invention of the internet, but what he actually said in a 1999 CNN interview was “I took the initiative in creating the internet.” Gore was widely mocked for this statement. It has been privately operated and funded ever since. In 1994, the Clinton Administration turned control over the internet backbone to the private sector. The NSF funded the long-distance networks that served as the internet’s backbone from 1981 until 1994. ARPANET switched to using TCP/IP on January 1, 1983.ĭuring the 1980s, funding for the internet shifted from the military to the National Science Foundation. These standards, known as TCP/IP, became the foundation of the modern internet.

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In 1973, software engineers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn began work on the next generation of networking standards for the ARPANET. The project was led by Bob Taylor, an ARPA administrator, and the network was built by the consulting firm of Bolt, Beranek and Newman. The internet began as ARPANET, an academic research network that was funded by the military’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA, now DARPA). ( Fabienne Serriere) Who created the internet? Establishing a presence at IEPs makes it much easier for backbone providers to improve their connections to others.Ĭables at an Internet Exchange Point.

Backbone providers frequently connect their networks together at internet exchange points, usually located in major cities. The backbone market is highly competitive.

The backbone consists of long-distance networks - mostly on fiber optic cables - that carry data between data centers and consumers.

For example, Google, Facebook, and Microsoft have all constructed vast data centers in Iowa. Data centers can be located anywhere in the world, but they are often located in remote areas where land and electricity are cheap. Data centers have very fast internet connections, allowing them to serve many users simultaneously. Others are commercial facilities that provide service to many smaller websites. Some are owned by large companies such as Google and Facebook.

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Data centers are rooms full of servers that store user data and host online apps and content.

Wireless internet service accounts for a large and growing share of all internet usage. The last mile also includes the towers that allow people to access the internet with their cell phones. Finally, a significant but shrinking number use outdated DSL service provided over telephone cables. Of the remaining 40 percent, a growing fraction use new fiber optic cables, most of which are part of Verizon’s FiOS program or AT&T’s U-Verse.

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Currently, about 60 percent of residential internet connections in the United States are provided by cable TV companies such as Comcast and Time Warner. The last mile is the part of the internet that connects homes and small businesses to the internet. Other popular Internet applications include email and BitTorrent. But in reality, the web is just one of many internet applications. Indeed, the web has become so popular that many people incorrectly treat the internet and the web as synonymous. Most people access internet content using a web browser. Instead, thousands of different organizations operate their own networks and negotiate voluntary interconnection agreements. No one owns the internet or controls who can connect to it. The internet is notable for its decentralization.

Today it is used by more than 2 billion people around the world. It began as an academic research project in 1969, and became a global commercial network in the 1990s.

The internet is the world’s most popular computer network.